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What is Causal Inference

Question

Compute the difference in means between treated and control groups.

💡 Answer: The difference in means is approximately 2.1 — same as the regression coefficient on z.

Instructions

Match each description on the left with the correct variable type on the right.

• Treatment = variable that we manipulate
  
• Outcome = variable we measure

Description	Match
1. Did the student receive the new teaching method?	❓
2. Test score after the intervention	❓
3. Whether the patient got a medication	❓
4. Blood pressure after treatment	❓

Reveal Answers

Description	Answer
1. Did the student receive the new teaching method?	Treatment
2. Test score after the intervention	Outcome
3. Whether the patient got a medication	Treatment
4. Blood pressure after treatment	Outcome

Drag-and-Drop Matching: Treatment vs Outcome

Student got new method

Test score after intervention

Patient received medication

Blood pressure after treatment

Treatment

Outcome

Matching Exercise: Treatment vs Outcome

Suppose a randomized experiment gives the following group averages:

• Treatment Group average: 89.3
• Control Group average: 81.4

What is the difference between the Treatment and Control group averages?